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- <text id=94TT0746>
- <title>
- Jun. 06, 1994: Books:Blinded by the Light
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1994
- Jun. 06, 1994 The Man Who Beat Hitler
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- THE ARTS & MEDIA/BOOKS, Page 68
- Blinded by the Light
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> James Fallows warns that Japan will come back from its economic
- troubles stronger and more aggressive than ever
- </p>
- <p>By Richard Hornik
- </p>
- <p> When James Fallows began sending his dispatches from Tokyo to
- the Atlantic Monthly in 1986, his articles revealed a country
- far different from that portrayed in most other American coverage.
- He had the ability to take perfect slices of Japanese life--how the Japanese handle household garbage, for example--and
- offer the reader something far more authentic than cliches about
- geishas and salarymen. Since leaving Asia in 1989, Fallows has
- often returned to survey the world's most dynamic economic region,
- and in his new book, Looking at the Sun (Pantheon Books; 517
- pages; $25), he demonstrates that his reportorial skills are
- as sharp as ever.
- </p>
- <p> Unfortunately, in his analysis Fallows seems frozen in that
- remarkable period of the late 1980s when, as he writes, "you
- could almost feel minute by minute that the world's balance
- of power was shifting." Fallows argues that Japan's success,
- and that of its East Asian neighbors (Taiwan, South Korea, Hong
- Kong and Singapore), is based not on American-style laissez-faire
- economics but on interventionist policies designed to benefit
- producers and the state rather than consumers. Further, Fallows
- argues, those internal economic policies are dangerous to other
- nations because Japan has rewritten the Clausewitz maxim that
- war is the continuation of politics by other means. Now it is
- commerce by which a country's political objectives will be attained,
- and Japan's aim is economic domination.
- </p>
- <p> Fallows dismisses Tokyo's current economic downturn as nothing
- more than a temporary setback, similar to those that followed
- the huge boost in oil prices in 1972 and the rapid appreciation
- of the yen in 1985. Both times the Japanese economy came back
- leaner and, Fallows believes, meaner than ever. Now, he says,
- Japan and East Asia will present an overwhelming challenge to
- the U.S. Although the U.S. remains the world's largest (and
- still most productive) national economy, Fallows predicts that
- unless it adopts a more interventionist national economic policy
- and consumes less while saving more, it will go the way of the
- Ottoman Empire.
- </p>
- <p> But the political and economic situation in Japan and its neighbors
- changes far faster than the time it takes to write and publish
- a book. Electoral developments in Japan, Taiwan and South Korea
- over the past 18 months reveal an increasingly multifaceted
- and demanding body politic that will force a change in economic
- priorities from production to consumption. Moreover, Fallows
- may give too much weight to the dreams of an elderly elite.
- Perhaps Japan's "corporatists" do want to dominate the world's
- high-tech industries, but that doesn't mean their success is
- guaranteed, any more than the success of Japan's militarists
- in the 1930s was a certainty.
- </p>
- <p> Fallows mars an otherwise impressive array of facts and anecdotes
- by omitting materials that could dilute his arguments. The book
- includes a fascinating chapter on Japan's domination of the
- computer-chip industry in the 1980s, but it skips over new statistics
- showing that a South Korean firm is now the leading producer
- of low-end dram chips, while U.S. firms continue to control
- the more profitable high-end part of the business. Meanwhile,
- Japan's computer-hardware industry is in the doldrums and its
- software firms have yet to make their mark.
- </p>
- <p> Even Japan's vaunted consumer-electronics cabal can fail. Fallows
- notes in passing that a 30-year, multibillion-dollar effort
- to develop high-definition television resulted in an outdated
- system that will never be commercially viable. Bureaucrats made
- a decision to end the program, but that was recently reversed.
- Rather than efficiency, the cozy business-government relationship
- can lead to this type of boondoggle.
- </p>
- <p> In other words, Japan Inc. is not invincible. To meet the challenges
- of the 1990s, it will have to do more than simply punish the
- domestic consumer--the solution it has used so effectively
- against external shocks like the higher oil prices of the 1970s.
- The danger now comes from within, from the very elements of
- business-government collusion that, Fallows argues, have made
- Japan such a formidable international competitor. Immune to
- public pressure, the country's bureaucracy continues to insist
- on business as usual: obsessive fiscal conservatism; trade barriers
- that end up penalizing consumers; allocation of capital to the
- bureaucrats' pet industries.
- </p>
- <p> Those measures work well when a country is developing--as
- Fallows notes, even the U.S. used some of them in its early
- years--but not indefinitely. As an economy matures, flexibility
- and responsiveness to consumers become crucial. The U.S. economy
- certainly can stand some fixing, but the decibel level of the
- alarm Fallows sounds is too high for an "enemy" that may have
- already passed its peak.
- </p>
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
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